Danebrog - the Danish national flag; hence, a Danish order of knighthood, founded in 1219, revived in 1671, and regulated by various later statutes

king's + cunnus (l) - cunt + Konig (ger) - king.

Soll leben! (ger) - hail! + se lever (fr) - to rise (i.e. sunrise) + sol (l) - sun.

mare's grease (notebook 1930) → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. IV, 'Buenos Aires', 753d: 'street lighting had been effected at first with lamps burning mares' grease'.

cresset - a vessel of iron or the like, made to hold grease or oil, or an iron basket to hold pitched rope, wood, or coal, to be burnt for light; usually mounted on the top of a pole or building, or suspended from a roof.

Leonard and Dunphy - according to Mr Mink, these are Dublin corners, important north and south intersections. Dunphy's was a pub, Leonard's a grocery + (notebook 1923): 'Leonard's corner Dunphy's'. 

lanthorn - variant of lantern (a transparent case, e.g. of glass, horn, talc, containing and protecting a light) + (notebook 1930): 'lamps before Madonnas' → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XX, 'Paris', 815c: 'As for the lighting of the town, till the close of the 16th century the only lamps were those in front of the madonnas at the street corners'.

quinta - a country-house or villa in Spain or Portugal + quinta casa (l, it) - fifth house + (notebook 1930): 'Candle at every 5th house' → Chart: The Story of Dublin 92: (in the late 17th century) 'Lamps were erected to light the streets, replacing the old haphazard device, by which every fifth house was compelled to put out a candle or a lantern on dark nights'.

tallow candle - a candle made of tallow + Tallon - Lord Mayor of Dublin.

spearhead - the sharp-pointed head or blade forming the striking or piercing end of a spear; transf. A thing having the pointed form characteristic of the head of a spear.

synge = singe - to burn, consume with fire (obs.) + J.M. Synge.

knickerbocker - pl. Loose-fitting breeches, gathered in at the knee, and worn by boys, sportsmen, and others who require a freer use of their limbs; a descendant of the original Dutch settlers of the New Netherlands in America, hence, a New Yorker.

mutton light - a mutton-candle + Hutton, Lightburne - Lord Mayors of Dublin.

blackhole - a place of confinement for punishment + Black Hole of Calcutta + Blackhall - Lord Mayor of Dublin.

taper - Originally, A wax candle, in early times used chiefly for devotional or penitential purposes; now spec. a long wick coated with wax for temporary use as a spill, etc.

toper - a hard drinker, a drunkard

bunting - flags and other colorful festive decorations

hoist - an act of hoisting; a lift; a shove up

rest from the danes (notebook 1930) → Chart: The Story of Dublin 6: 'from 875 to 915, the historians record "rest from the Danes," meaning that their wild and continuous raids over the land ceased for a space'.

Blackheath and Woolwich (only first word crayoned; the entry is preceded by a cancelled 'pebble beds of') (notebook 1930) → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XVI, 'London', 939a: 'In the south-east... the Blackheath and Woolwich pebble-beds appear' + Dubh-gall (Irish) - Black foreigner (i.e. Dane) + Joyce's note: 'Aethelbert heathens' → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XVI, 'London', 957b: 'When the city is next referred to in the Saxon Chronicle it appears to have been inhabited by a population of heathens. Under then date 604 we read: "This year Augustine... sent Mellitus to preach baptism to the East Saxons, whose king was called Sebert, son of Ricole the sister of Æthelbert, and whom Æthelbert had then appointed king".'

Black Pagan (notebook 1930) → Haliday: The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin 54n: 'Cearbhall was slain by "Ulf, a black pagan," in 909' (i.e. a Dane).

pacis (l) - of peace + Prince of Peace - Applied to Christ + "This 'princ of pacis' turns out to have been Attila. The sentence Joyce (conjecturally) notes, from Quo Vadimus?, 82-3, runs: 'Attila could boast that when he plunged his spear into the ground, the whole earth trembled.' (Robbert-Jan Henkes and Mikio Fuse).

trembling sod (notebook 1930) → Chart: The Story of Dublin 16: (of Dermot MacMurrough's death in 1171) 'According to the Four Masters, his death was like that of Herod, for his flesh putrefied while he was still living. Such was the end of the man, who in their striking phrase, had made "a trembling sod" of all Ireland'.

quake - Of things: To shake, tremble, be agitated, as the result of external shock, internal convulsion, or natural instability.

loins - the region of the hips and groin and lower abdomen + (notebook 1930): 'frozen loins' → Chart: The Story of Dublin 7: (of the decline of the power of the Danes) 'The stream of warriors, which the North had so long poured from her "frozen loins," showed signs of exhaustion'.

septuor = septet - a composition for seven voices or instruments; transf. A set of seven.

dismal - depressingly dark, sombre, gloomy, dreary, or cheerless

doleful - full of or attended with dole or grief, sorrowful

desolate - left alone, without companion, solitary, lonely + Joyce's note: 'Dark Deadly Dismal Doleful Desolate Dreadful Desperate' → Ferguson: The Confusion of Tongues 271: (of the Ku Klux Klan calendar) 'The days of the week are Dark, Deadly, Dismal, Doleful, Desolate, Dreadful, Desperate'.

tolv måner (Danish) - twelve moons + twelve men (*O*).

gloomy - Of persons and their attributes: Affected with gloom or depression of spirits; having dark or sullen looks.

hideous - so extremely ugly as to be terrifying

fearful - inspiring terror, reverence, or awe; dreadful, terrible, awful

alarming - disturbing or exciting with the apprehension of danger

appalling - such as to overwhelm with consternation or dismay; dismaying, shocking + Joyces' note: 'Bloody Gloomy Hideous Fearful Furious Alarming Terrible Horrible Mournful Sorrowful Frightful Appalling' (the entry is preceded by a cancelled 'Dark') → Ferguson: The Confusion of Tongues 271: (of the Ku Klux Klan calendar) 'the months of the year... Bloody, Gloomy, Hideous, Fearful, Furious, Alarming, Terrible, Horrible, Mournful, Sorrowful, Frightful, Appalling'.

Yule - christmas and the festivities connected therewith

dandling - that dandles (to move (a child, etc.) lightly up and down in the arms or on the knee; to move (anything) up and down playfully in the hand) + duine (dini) (gael) - person + dwindling.

luna - the moon (personified)

Kettle Lawrence was in charge of the powerhouse that gave electricity to [Dublin] and the lighthouses + Ketil Flatneb - a Viking king of Hebrides.

souper - Esp. in France: an evening meal, supper + hore = hour (obs.) + supper hour.

*A* frigid (notebook 1924)

columba (l) - dove + columba mea, formosa mea (l) - my dove, my beautiful one (Vulgate, Canticum Canticorum 2:10) + frimas (fr) - hoarfrost.

tarred - smeared or covered with tar + Tarr - title, young artist-hero of Wyndham Lewis' novel (1918). In FW, Joyce identifies W. Lewis with Tarr, his creature, and uses "them" as models for Professor Jones and his creature, the Mookse.  

strate = street (obs.) + West 23rd Street, New York City.

Elgin Marbles - a collection of sculptures and architectural fragments from Athenian buildings, chiefly from the frieze and pediment of the Parthenon, which were collected, transported to England, and sold in 1816 to the British Government by Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin (1766-1841).

halles (notebook 1930)

lamp - to shine; to supply with lamps

limp - transf. and fig. Wanting in firmness, strictness, nervous energy, or the like.

volt - to charge (something) as with electricity + volts and ampères + vaulted empire.

topazolite - a variety of garnet resembling topaz in colour

MOURNE - The subject of Percy French's song, the Mountains of Mourne "sweep down to the sea," in South County Down, between Carlingford Lough and Dundrum Bay. Topazolites are in fact found in the Mourne Mountains.

Wicklow, a harbour town, was originally a settlement of the Vikings, who maintained a navigational beacon fire there and called the town Wykingloe (loe, Old Dan "blaze") + (notebook 1930): 'Wykinlo' → Haliday: The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin lxvii: 'In Ireland there are but few Scandinavian names of places... We have also... the headlands of Hoved (Howth), Wykinlo (Wicklow), and Arclo'.

ARKLOW - Seaside town, 16 miles South of Wicklow, County Wicklow. The lighthouse at Arklow was fitted out by German firm of Siemens Schuckert. Loe, Dan "fire"; the Danes had navigational beacons at Wicklow and Arklow.  

sapphire - a precious stone of a beautiful transparent blue

SIEMENS SCHUCKERT - German electrical equipment firm; it constructed the power station of the Shannon hydroelectric works at Ardnacrusha, and FW credits it also with the lighthouses at Arklow and Wicklow + sjömen (Swedish) - seaman. 

lure - (orig. fig.) Something which allures, entices, or tempts; in Angling a more general term than bait, which strictly denotes only something that fishes can eat.

Wexford - county in Ireland + Waterford - county and its county town, Munster province, Ireland.

by hook or (and) by crook - by all or any means, fair or foul; by one device or another. Usually implying difficulty in attaining the thing sought, which may necessitate the use of special or extraordinary means + Henry II landed in Ireland at the Crook over against Hook Tower, Waterford Bay (supposed origin of phrase 'by hook or by crook').

polder - a piece of low-lying land reclaimed from the sea, a lake, or a river, from which it is protected by dikes: so called in the Netherlands

HY KINSELAGH - the territory of the Macmorroughs, overlords of Leinster, until the 13th century. It included the North part of Wexford + Ui Cinnsealaigh (i kinshali) (gael) - Progeny of [Eanna] Cinnsealach ("ostentatious"), son of Diarmaid Mac Murchadh, Leinster king who invited Anglo-Norman invasion; tribal land, Co. Wexford + (notebook 1924): 'Hy Kinsella (Wexford)' → Walsh: Scandinavian Relations with Ireland during the Viking Period 38: 'a naval expedition composed of the foreigners of Dublin and Waterford and the Ui Ceinnselaigh (i.e. the men of Wexford)'.

have you seen + Joyce's note: 'Fifth Avenue Avenulceen!'

ahum - in a hum, humming

estuarine - of or belonging to an estuary; esp. of strata, etc. formed or deposited in an estuary + (notebook 1930): 'estuarine character' → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XVI, 'London', 938c: 'The low ground between the slight hills flanking the Thames valley... was originally occupied by a shallow lagoon of estuarine character, tidal, and interspersed with marshy tracts and certain islets of relatively firm land'.

munificence - the quality of being munificent, splendid liberality in giving + (notebook 1930): 'municipal' → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. XX, 'Paris', 816b: 'royalty had to fear too great an expansion of the municipal power at Paris'.

firth - an arm of the sea; an estuary of a river + fourths

ennemi (fr) - enemy + enempi (Finnish) - more + empties (bottles).

Belloport (notebook 1930) → The Encyclopædia Britannica vol. VIII, 'Edinburgh', 940c: 'Portobello (pop. 9180), being within 3 m. of the capital' + Portobello - district of Dublin.

stabmaroon (notebook 1930) + submarine.

Peter, Jack, Martin - in Swift's Tale of a Tub, they are the Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran churches. In FW they are also the Three + Jack (Slang) - sailor + (notebook 1930): 'jack mathurins'. 

Maturin, Charles Robert - Irish novelist, wrote Melmoth the Wanderer (whose hero sells his soul to the devil and dies in Saint Petersburg), from which Wilde derived his assumed name Sebastian Melmoth [.26]

bogey - a bogle or goblin; a person much dreaded; As quasi-proper name: The evil one, the devil.

Saint Petersburg - Russian SANKT PETERBURG, formerly (1914-24) PETROGRAD, or (1924-91) LENINGRAD, city, extreme northwestern Russia + Sankt (ger) - saint + (notebook 1930): 'Sanked P Petersbark' (only last word crayoned) + (notebook 1930): 'sankt piotersbarq' ('ar' overwrites an 'er').

give the devil his due - to do justice even to a person of admittedly bad character or repute (or one disliked by the speaker) + (notebook 1930): 'devil due seizer'.

seizer - one that seizes, a person authorized to seize persons or certain goods + Caesar.

hack - to cut with heavy blows in an irregular or random fashion; to cut notches or nicks in + (notebook 1930): 'hack old world'.

sawyer - a workman whose business it is to saw timber, esp. in a saw-pit [(notebook 1930): 'sawyer'] + Jonathan (Joyce seems to have thought his name was Peter [.24]) Sawyer was a founder of Dublin, Georgia, United States.

hew - to strike forcibly with a cutting tool; to cut with swinging strokes of a sharp instrument, as an axe or sword + (notebook 1930): 'sawyer hew green'.

BRAZIL (BRASIL, BREASIL, BREASAIL) - Hy Brasaille, Ir. "Enchanted Isle," the Irish Atlantis. St Brendan (d 578) of Clonfert (in Galway), one of St Patrick's 4 saints, was in legend the first to cross the Atlantic, and the discoverer of the "Promised Land of the Saints," or "Isle of the Blest," an island West of Ireland. From the 6th to as late as the 18th century, geographers accepted its existence; it was sometimes identified with Labrador, sometimes with Atlantis. St Brendan's Isle was in the middle ages confused with "brazil," a red dye-wood. It is for the latter that Brasil in South America was named + (notebook 1930): 'Island of Brezil'.

Wilde + wealth + (notebook 1930): 'The strength of me perished'.

plowshare - a sharp steel wedge that cuts loose the top layer of soil + Isaiah 2:4: 'They shall beat their swords into plowshares' + take (a) pleasure - to be pleased, to enjoy oneself, to delight (in, to do something, etc.)

sored - pained, troubled

OCONEE - River and county, Georgia, US; it flows through Laurens County and its county seat, Dublin. In South-East Georgia, the Oconee unites with the Ocmulgee River to form the Altamaha River + O'Connell - Lord Mayor of Dublin. 

wed - to bind (the contracting parties) in wedlock; to conduct the marriage ceremony for (a man and woman)

Alma Mater - [L. alma mater bounteous mother.] a title given by the Romans to several goddesses, especially to Ceres and Cybele, and transferred in Eng. to Universities and schools regarded as 'fostering mothers' to their alumni + mathair (maher) (gael) - mother + (notebook 1930): 'Altamaha R.' + alta (it) - (of the sea) open (feminine) + mare (it) - sea (masculine).

tawny - name of a composite colour, consisting of brown with a preponderance of yellow or orange; but formerly applied also to other shades of brown + town

sprawl - Of things: To spread out, extend, climb, etc., in a straggling fashion.

burn - In OE.: A spring, fountain; a stream or river. In later use: A small stream or brook + (notebook 1930): 'Silver Burn' + Silverburn - river on Isle of Man.

creature + Charles Dickens: The Cricket on the Hearth.

call + calle (sp) - street + (notebook 1930): 'calle' → calle (Venetian Italian Dialect) - a narrow street, a little alley.

utile - useful, profitable, advantageous

turlehyde - a whale, or some species or kind of whale + About the 24th of June [1331] a prodigious number of large sea fish, called Turlehydes, were brought into the bay of Dublin, and cast on Shore at the Mouth of the river Dodder (mentioned in Thom's Directory of Ireland/Dublin, Dublin Annals section 1331, and in Chart's The Story of Dublin).

potatum (l) - a drink, draught

Thom's Directory of Ireland/Dublin, Dublin Annals section 1802: 'Peace of Amiens proclaimed in Dublin' + Amiens Street, Dublin + peace and plenty (phrase).

beadel - variant of beadle (one who delivers the message or executes the mandates of an authority) + Bedell's Bible - 17th century translation of the Bible's Authorised Version into Irish under Bishop Bedell's direction.

shew - variant of show (n. and v.)

crafty - skilful, dexterous, ingenious; Of things, actions, etc.: Showing skill or cleverness, skilfully wrought (obs.) + gild - var. gilded (overlaid wholly or in parts with a thin coating of gold) + Dublin Craft Guilds organised 16th century Christmas pageants (glovers portraying Adam and Eve [.33], basketmakers Cain and Abel [.33], and skinners providing the body of the camel [.35])

pageantry - splendid display, gorgeous spectacular show. Also in pl., and fig.; mere acting or show, empty or specious display, show without substance. Also with pl.

Loftus, Adam (1533-1605) - Archbishop of Armagh and Dublin, first provost of Trinity College, lord chancellor of Ireland.  

duff - to dress or manipulate (a thing) fraudulently, so as to make it look like new or to give it the appearance of something which it is not; to 'fake up' + Adam Duff O'Toole, burned for heresy in 1327 in College Green, Dublin (mentioned in Chart's The Story of Dublin 33).

Conn (kon) (gael) - Intelligence: Conn Ceadchathach ("hundred-fighter"), high king defeated by Eoghan Mor, retained only N. half of Ireland, since called Leath Cuinn ("Conn's Half") + [Loch] Con (lokh kon) (gael) - Lake of a Hound, Co. Mayo; anglic. Lough Conn + Ireland anciently divided into Conn's half (after Conn of the Hundred Battles, 3rd century ruler of the North) and Mogh's (Owen's) half (after Irish Eoghan Mor: Owen the Great, King of Munster, 3rd century ruler of the South).

Eoghan (owen) (gael) - Wellborn; anglic. Owen; Eoghan Mor surnamed Mogh-Nuadhat seized from Conn Ceadchathach S. half of Ireland, since called Leath Mogha ("Mogh's Half") + LOUGH OWEL - Lake, County Westmeath, 3 miles North-West of Mullingar. In 845, King Malachy drowned the invading Viking Turgesius in the lake + Cain/Abel (*C*/*V*).  

Kartoffel (ger) - potato

Noah (exposing himself)

Guinness - the proprietary name of a brand of stout manufactured by the firm of Guinness + Sir Arthur Guinness and James Stirling ousted by Liberals in 1880 general election, when Joyce's father was secretary of United Liberal Club, Dublin.

starr - variant form of star

Guinness barges on Liffey

hump - to make humped or hump-shaped, to hunch

screw - to oppress (a person, esp. a tenant) with exactions; also to screw down

16th century Dublin pageant of Saint George's Day had an emperor

ninepins - a game in which nine 'pins' are set up to be knocked down by a ball or bowl thrown at them; the pins with which this game is played + 16th century Dublin Christmas pageants featured the six and the nine Worthies.